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Brazen Trumpet, Frederick W. Benteen and the Battle of the Little Big Horn, by Terrence J. Donovan
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In the spring of 1876, the US Army was ordered to round up Sioux Indians who had left their reservation in Dakota Territory to join other Northern Plains Indians in southern Montana. By mid-June, General George A. Custer and his Seventh Cavalry Regiment had located a fresh Indian trail, and the Seventh went into fast pursuit. Late on a hot Sunday afternoon, Custer led five companies of the Regiment to their doom at the hands of the Indians he had so aggressively chased down. They died on high ground overlooking the Little Big Horn River and a large Indian encampment on its far floodplain. Custer supporters, in shock and disbelief, stung by the unacceptable possibility that Custer may have blundered, were convinced that the Civil War Boy General was abandoned to his fate by his subordinate commanders who despised him. Allegations soon flew that Captain Benteen tarried on the trail behind, disobeying a written order to come support Custer quickly. The question has since remained: Did Benteen truly linger on the trail and defy the order to promptly reinforce Custer and his outnumbered regiment in battle? In Brazen Trumpet, author Terrence J. Donovan takes a scientifically analytical look at the existing evidence and comes to a remarkable conclusion.
- Sales Rank: #775115 in Books
- Published on: 2009-03-01
- Binding: Paperback
- 285 pages
About the Author
Terrence J. Donovan is an experimental test pilot and research scientist. His professional interests include airborne geophysics, remote sensing, intelligence and reconnaissance, and aircraft certification.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Four Stars
By Bill Setzler
Analytical review of Benteen.s movements at the Battle of the Little Big Horn.
11 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Exit, Stage Left
By Claud Wolf
One thing that always amuses me is the insistence of `Custerainia' writers that their conclusions are based solely on facts. If you read far enough into it, the real agenda rises to the surface like a goldfish that had seconds. Facts play homage to the story, instead of the other way round, and readers are left with a stack of books that go down the same highway, then suddenly venture off in as many directions as a flock of scattered geese. Is it possible to simply tell the tale without personal interpretation, particulary of a controversial incident? Donovan manages to do so, and do it well. How did me manage it? Read on!
Facts are wonderful things, and we know that the events surrounding Custer's demise will forever remain a mystery open to interpretation. But for those that survived on Reno Hill, surely there are plenty of primary source materials that will set that action straight. Right? Dream on!
Source material for this adventure is plentiful- and tainted. Trying to figure out who is fibbing, and for whatever reason, takes fortitude and something most writers do not have on this subject- an open mind. Far too many use the material to force a certain conclusion, working backwards from a premise and making it all fit. With Indian testimony, this is easy, as they did not see time and events as we do. It has been accepted that the Indian will only discuss what he personally did, and that is his perception. If he spent 15 minutes on the battle field, well, that is how long it lasted. However, this isn't entirely true. Sitting Bull said that some of the troopers with Custer were so tired, they lurched and seemed unable to function properly- listless and ineffective. But we know that Sitting Bull was not on the field while the battle was taking place. Similarly, many of the participants got the idea that all of Reno's and Benteen's command were also destroyed. Who they thought the warriors- who, in Benteen's words were forming up in "Picnic parties" waiting for a good spot to do a drive-by on the white boys- were shooting at on the evening of the 25th through the 26th is a mystery.
How about the intrepid troopers ensconced on Reno Hill? Surely they have impeachable testimony? Once again, hindsight and the sharing of common information after the fact altered perspective, and made some of it difficult to fit into the overall scheme of the battle. Some plainly embroidered their stories, particularly as they grew older and a great deal of the others passed on. Two examples are troopers Thompson and Goldin. Thompson started out truthfully, stating that his horse had played out and he was left behind. It turned out that during a later interview, scouts remembered seeing a trooper berating a fallen, played-out horse that must have been Thompson. Later, however, he includes a silly story that he had been sent to make contact with Custer, and made it close enough to witness the final moments. When he was foolish enough to try to sell this at a reunion, he was laughed out of the building.
Goldin is more difficult because his stories have a great deal of truth in it- just not about him. He styled himself the enlisted man's voice, and began to correspond with Benteen in the late 80's, something rare in itself, as officers, even well meaning ones, did not elbow with enlisted men. But Goldin had been a Colonel in his state militia, and convinced Benteen that he had been in service with the 7th during the Nez Perce war as well. Goldin claimed he was assigned to Custer as orderly, and carried a message to Reno, that Reno read and put in his notebook. Goldin also claimed to have been with the water parties, and lobbied hard for a Medal of Honor. Apparently the man was like a sponge, because he convinced Benteen, and Benteen was there! In actuality, Goldin was with the 7th about a year, and then discharged because his parents complained he enlisted underage without consent. So Goldin was not at the Nez Perce battle, and his own resume states he was with the 7th far earlier and later than he was. As for the message to Reno, well, that ruins Reno's testament that he received no word or orders from Custer at all, making Reno a liar and disobeying orders. As for the water party claim, why wait until the others were either dead, or memories so faded they couldn't remember correctly? Fact is, Goldin was probably with his Company G the entire time, and did not carry any messages or water. But he wanted a larger role, and was wise enough to make it smaller than the other claimants. But if believed, his lies would have changed how things were perceived. And what of Kanipe, the Sgt. That carried a message to Benteen and/or the pack train? A recent book claims he did no such thing, but was just deserting to the rear and it was covered up. So, who to believe?
And, what does this have to do with Donovan's book? Well, everything! You see, with the facts so malleable, most writers wind up stating opinions, not facts. They were not there. Anybody with any claim to that are long dead- the last trooper was Windolph, I believe, sometime around 1950. So what do they base assumptions on? Why, character and personality, of course! It becomes a popularity contest, supporting the characters you prefer and the version you like. It began immediately after the battle, while the 7th was still in the field. The public wanted answers, and they could not accept that the Indians had a really good day and the 7th did not. Nor could they accept that the 7th may have not been the premier Indian Fighters that they were reputed to be. No, there must be a reason, somebody to blame! Many picked up on Major Reno's poor showing, and it got vicious. General Rosser (CSA), a west point classmate and wartime sparing partner of Custer's, blamed Reno's actions, and he was not the first. Frederick Whittaker, the first Custer Groupie, put out a gushing biography in record time, and blamed Reno and Benteen in the papers, prompting Reno to respond in defense. It escalated from there, and got way out of control! And, it is just as virulent today. Check out some of the rabid blogs and reviews and you would think it happened last week in Iraq rather than in Montana 137 years ago. The larger faction is the Pro Custer group. Custer, the God Of War, was betrayed by lesser men that conspired to leave him to his heroic death. Or, Custer, the inept thirster of glory, was rash and got himself killed. You can find lots of stuff either way.
You can also find tons of Little Big Horn evangelists. These folks just know! And, it isn't anything new. If you have ever read the exchange between Graham and Carter- one a JAG, the other from a rival Calvary regiment- you will see what I mean! It starts out gentlemanly, then turns vile and nasty. Graham actually has to try to defend Reno, a task more suited for a labor of Hercules, while Carter winds up calling all the 7th officers that testified at Reno's inquiry liars, and the 7th poor fighters with a bad track record. Multiply that by many decades, and you can see the rabid partisans at work. Even those that have a more balanced view have an axe or two to grind. Granted, they may know a thing or two more than we do, but it's still bending the facts a bit, based on personal feelings about events or characters. And the LBH had plenty of those! Characters you couldn't invent without being called a poor writer.
Benteen has been the focus of many attacks, and although I champion him to a small extent, he brought it on himself by trying to use ex-trooper Goldin, he of the Reno message and water party fabrication, to get a few digs at Custer in print. Goldin not only does not use the disparaging material, he later, after Benteen is long dead, sells the letters for $500. So much that should never have been public is now available, and we find that Benteen, while a stout warrior, is also one seriously cranky dude where Custer is concerned. Those letters are taken as proof positive that Benteen was surely up to something evil, and point to his letter on the Washita battle as evidence he was always working for Custer's downfall. Benteen claimed that the letter was not meant for publication- sound familiar? but I wonder. It was written in a florid style more suitible for newspaper than a private note. Still, this is nothing new. Custer wrote an anonymous, scathing attack on Reno for his extended scout, most particulary for not following up on it and bagging some hostiles. And Benteen wrote one letter from 'anonymous' too many, to cover his tail in the Ft. Duchesne fiasco.
BTW, if you stumble across the Benteen-Goldin letters, read the foreword. The compiler despises Benteen, claiming he is not a gentleman, and certainly an all around cur and dastard! You can bet he cashed the royalty checks, though. Benteen was first accused of dawdling on his infamous scout to the left, and then of ignoring Custer's summons and sticking with Reno and abandoning Custer and his troopers- many of them Benteen's friends- to a grizzly death. His real crime, of course, was hating Custer and leaving a paper trail.
Donovan takes the actual terrain of Benteen's scout and applies simple science to it, making a logical conclusion based on...facts. How did he manage to do that? Well, consider, most of those that swear that Benteen had an easy ride and just goofed off have never ridden in under those conditions. Neither have I, for that matter. I have been over the ground, but much of it is in private hands, and getting shot at by an irate Crow farmer is a bit much just to get some first hand information. Donovan uses distance, elevation, and a host of other charts and stuff to figure out, just how long would it take Benteen to complete his mission? And, belay that bellow, Custer worshiper, Benteen did exaggerate the reasons for his valley search as the need to exonerate himself increased. His first impressions aren't that it was senseless, but that he was needed more elsewhere and would rather have been in the fight. He recorded this in letters to his wife, before there was any controversy or need to spin. Later, it becomes "Valley hunting ad infinitum" to show it wasn't his fault.
Donovan concludes that Benteen didn't actually break speed records, but didn't take his sweet time, either. It was about what you would expect, considering the roughness of the terrain and his mission, that was not so senseless when you consider that the regiment's other big fight, the Washita, was nearly a disaster because nobody had scouted further than the sleeping village that was attacked. Major Elliot found this out the hard way. So sending Benteen off to the left made sense. And, no, they did not all wander up hill and dale. Lt. Gibson and some picked men with strong horses went up the ridges while Benteen and the others found slightly easier, but still rough, going. Most of the wait, in my opinion, was on Gibson as he tried to make sure there were no hidden encampments in the valley leading into the Indian encampment. It was a wise precaution, but it put Benteen out of the action when needed. And much has been debated over raw and experienced troopers, who was tired and who wasn't, were the horses fatigued or not, did the guns jam, did Reno burn through his ammo that fast, etc. Truth is, it was a mixed bag. Sometimes yes, sometimes no. We know that Custer and Benteen were iron men, almost indefatigable. But many were not, and suffered accordingly. Again, how about ammo expenditure on the Reno skirmish line? The conclusion is that a veteran trooper fires this many rounds in so many minutes. But who is to say the wily veteran wasn't the horse holder? As many as seemed to get out of the ride to the LBH at all shows they were adept at using the system, or convincing the `newbies' to take their place. Anybody have any stats on that? Any idea on how to establish fire control among frightened green troopers as they find themselves on the sharp end? The variable are so many, anybody that has the `last word' is grinding a dull axe.
Bottom line, Custer made the divisions in the Regiment, and sent them on their asignments. In most battles of this nature, he did the right thing. It just wasn't the right strategy and tactics for this fight, end of story. Reno may have "showed the white feather" but he didn't make strategy. Division, not timeliness, led to disaster. Reno haters will talk you blue about his antics, and they are definitely not heroic. They taint Benteen, and many of the other officers. I do believe that Custer intended to follow him in, but I believe it was Herenden that pointed out a group of fleeing Indians to Custer, and he gave pursuit. As it progressed, the plan changed, and certainly a good officer could have done better than Reno. Had Benteen been there, and forced to retire to the timber, he would have stayed there and attempted to secure the pack train. Custer still gets a trim, but after the village got stirred up it was pretty much a done deal. Benteen said that Custer got too far away from his reinforcements and "Lost himself." This was said before all the acrimony, and it is really how he felt. Many mistakes were made, and it does seem callous to try to pin them all on the dead commander, but if Custer had survived and the others perished, what would he have said? His track record does not allow for him to be humble, that's for sure! I doubt he would have taken the blame either, so if there is a moral to the story, it is better to survive if you want a good reputation. And if not, make sure your wife fanatically presents you as the paragon of American virtue, and encourages the sort of adulation that still recruits those with a Custer man-crush to this day to write bizarre blogs and state the most outlandish of theories. And whatever you do, don't leave a paper trail! You never know when your confidant's will be hard up for cash.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
The Real Hero of the Little Big Horn
By Kerstin Dalton
Good in-depth review of the man who was the real hero of the Little Big Horn and was directly responsible for the survival of the remains of Custer's command.
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